Chapter 13 Vocab
1. civilian labor force-total number of people 16 years or older who are either employed
or actively seeking work.
2. blue-collar-category of workers employed in crafts, manufacturing, and non-farm
labor.
3. Professionals-highly educated individuals with college degrees and usually additional
education or training.
4. white-collar-category of workers employed in offices, sales, or professional
positions.
5. service workers-people who provide services directly to individuals.
6. unskilled workers-people whose jobs requires no specialized training.
7. semiskilled workers-people whose jobs require some training, in job-related, often
using modern technology.
8. skilled worker-person who has learned a trade or craft either through a vocational
school or as an apprentice to an experienced worker.
9.minimum wage law-federal, state, or city law which sets the lowest legal hourly wage
rate that my be paid to certain types of workers.
10. labor union-association of workers organized to improve wages and working
conditions for its members.
11. strike-deliberate work stoppage by workers to force an employer to give in to their
demands.
12. craft union-union made up of skilled workers in a specific trade or industry.
13. industrial union-union made up of all the workers in an industry regardless of job or
skill level.
14. local union-members of a union in a particular factory, company, or geographic area;
the local deals with a company by negotiating a contract and making sure contract terms
are kept.
15. closed shop-company in which only union members my be hired; outlawed in
1947.
16. union shop-company that requires that new company employees to join a union after
a specific period of time, usually three months.
17. agency shop-company in which employees are not required to join the union, but
must pay union dues.
18. right-to-work laws-state laws forbidding union shops and closed shops; workers are
allowed to continue working I a particular job without joining a union.
19. collective bargaining-process by which unions and employers negotiate the
conditions of employment.
20. mediation-stage in contract negotiations between union and management, in which a
neutral person steps in and tries to get both sided to reach an agreement.
21. cost-of-living adjustment-union contract or other provision providing for an
additional wage increase each year if the general level of prices in the economy rises
beyond a certain level.
22. arbitration-stage of negotiation process in which union and management submit the
issues they cannot agree on toe a third party for a final decision. Both sides agree in
advance to accept the arbitrator's decision.
23. picketing-activity in which striking workers walk up and down in front of a
workplace carrying signs that state heir disagreement with the company.
24. boycott-economic pressure exerted by unions urging the public not to purchase the
goods or services produced by a company.
25. lockout-situation which occurs when management prevents workers from returning to
work until they agree to a new contract.
26. injunction-court order preventing some activity.